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Q1. Which of the following is the correct arrangement of corolla in family Papilionoideae?  

• C_{1 + (2) - 2}  
• C_{1 + 2 + (2)}  
• C_{1 + (2) - (2)}  
• C(₅₎ A₍₅₎  

Solution

In family Papilionoideae, the corolla has 5 petals and is polypetalous. Two anterior petals form a keel which encloses the stamens and pistil. Hence, C_{1 + 2 + (2)} is the correct option.  

Q2. Colchicine is obtained from which of the following families?  

• Poaceae  
• Brassicaceae  
• Malvaceae  
• Liliaceae  

Solution

Colchicine is extracted from the plant Colchicum autumnale which belongs to family Liliaceae.  

Q3. Which plant will lose its economic value if its fruits are produced by induced parthenocarpy? 

• Grape
• Pomegranate
• Banana
• Orange

Solution

The edible part of pomegranate is the testa. It is not formed if fruits are produced by parthenocarpy. However, in fruits such as grapes, induced parthenocarpy is beneficial as they contain seeds. 

Q4. A fruit developed from the hypanthodium inflorescence is 

• Hesperidium
• Sorosis
• Syconus
• Caryopsis

Solution

Syconus fruit develops from hypanthodium inflorescence. Example: Ficus carcia. In this type of inflorescence, the flask-shaped receptacle encloses female flowers which give rise to achene-like fruitlets.  

Q5. What type of placentation is seen in sweet pea?

• Marginal
• Basal
• Axile
• Free central

Solution

In marginal placentation, the placenta forms a ridge on the ventral suture of the ovary and the ovules are borne on this ridge.   Such placentation is seen in pea.

Q6. Vexillary aestivation is characteristic of family  

• Fabaceae  
• Asteraceae  
• Solanaceae  
• Brassicaceae  

Solution

Vexillary aestivation is characteristic of family Fabaceae. In this type of aestivation, the largest (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings) which overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel).  

Q7. If a primary root continues to grow, then the type of root system will be known as

• Secondary
• Fibrous
• Tap
• Stilt

Solution

The tap root system is also known as the primary root system. The primary root grows vertically downwards, grows laterally and gives rise to secondary and tertiary roots which help the plant in fixing itself firmly in the soil.

Q8. The plant which bears clinging roots is 

• Trapa
• Orchid
• Screw pine
• Podostemon

Solution

Clinging roots are modified adventitious roots meant for providing mechanical support. Examples: Orchids, ivy 

Q9. Another name for multicostate venation is

• Pinnately parallel
• Parallel
• Palmately reticulate
• Reticulate

Solution

Reticulate venation is of two types - pinnately reticulate venation and palmately reticulate venation. In palmately reticulate venation, more main veins rise from the base of the leaf. Hence, it is also called multicostate venation.

Q10. Find the incorrect statement.  

• Root hair are unicellular elongations.  
• Root hair absorb water and minerals.  
• Trichomes are unicellular elongations.  
• Trichomes are multicellular elongations.  

Solution

Trichomes are leaf hair which are derived from one or more epidermal cells present on the leaf surface. Hence, trichomes may be either unicellular or multicellular.  

Q11. Flowers in which only one set of essential organs is present are said to be

• Bisexual
• Monoecious
• Dioecious
• Polygamous
• Unisexual

Solution

In a unisexual, either an androecium or a gynoecium is present.

Q12. Roots of which plant contain an oxidising agent? 

• Carrot
• Soyabean
• Mustard
• Radish

Solution

The roots of soyabean contain leghaemoglobin. Their main function is to help in the transport of oxygen to the respiring symbiotic bacterial cells in a manner analogous to haemoglobin which transports oxygen to respiring tissues in animals. 

Q13. Select the incorrect statement with respect to twiners. 

• Tendrils and thorns are produced in twiners.
• Stems are very sensitive to contact.
• Flexible stem twins are produced due to nutritional growth.
• None of the above.

Solution

Specialised climbing organs such as tendrils, thorns, spines and hooks are produced in climbers. 

Q14. Name the roots which arise from any other plant part. 

• Tap root
• Fibrous root
• Adventitious root
• Fusiform root

Solution

The roots which arise from any other plant part except radicle are called adventitious roots. 

Q15. The thorn of Bougainvillea and the tendril of Cucurbita are examples of

• Vestigial organs
• Retrogressive evolution
• Analogous organs
• Homologous organs

Solution

Homologous organs are the organs which exhibit anatomical similarities but perform different function. The thorn of Bougainvillea and the tendril of Cucurbita are modifications of stem. Both arise from the axillary bud. Thorns provide protection to plants, while tendrils provide support to the climbing plant.

Q16. Pneumatophores are present in

• Xerophytes
• Hygrophytes
• Mesophytes
• Halophytes

Solution

Halophytes are the plants found in areas of high salinity such as estuaries and marshy regions. These plants are usually rooted in water logged, anaerobic mud. Many roots come out of ground and grow vertically upwards to get oxygen for respiration. These roots are called pneumatophores.

Q17. Trimerous flower, superior ovary and axile placentation are the characteristics of

• Cucurbitaceae
• Solanaceae
• Compositae
• Liliaceae

Solution

Characters of family Liliaceae: 1. Leaves are mostly basal, alternate, linear, and exstipulate with parallel venation. 2. Inflorescence is solitary/cymose. Flowers are often in umbellate clusters. 3. Flowers are bisexual, actinomorphic and trimerous. 4. Perianth: There are six (3+3) tepals which are often united into a tube. Valvate aestivation is observed. 5. Androecium: Stamens are six, 3+3 in number. 6. Gynoecium is tricarpellary and syncarpous. Ovary is superior, trilocular with many ovules and with axile placentation. 7. Fruits are capsule-shaped and rarely berry. 8. Seed is endospermous.

Q18. Which of the following plants have long slender and coiled stem tendrils developed from axillary buds?

• Grapevine and pumpkins
• Australian Acacia and watermelon
• Bougainvillea and cucumber
• Strawberry and grapevine
• Alstonia and pumpkins

Solution

Grapevine and pumpkins

Q19. A simple cluster of radial leaves with exstipulate and parallel venation and cyme or umbel inflorescence are the characteristics of  

• Poaceae  
• Liliaceae  
• Asteraceae  
• Fabaceae  

Solution

Characters of family Liliaceae:     1. Leaves are mostly basal, alternate, linear, and exstipulate with parallel venation.     2. Inflorescence is solitary/cymose. Flowers are often in umbellate clusters.     3. Flowers are bisexual, actinomorphic and trimerous.     4. Perianth: There are six (3+3) tepals which are often united into a tube. Valvate aestivation is observed.     5. Androecium: Stamens are six, 3+3 in number.     6. Gynoecium is tricarpellary and syncarpous. Ovary is superior, trilocular with many ovules and with axile placentation.     7. Fruits are capsule-shaped and rarely berry.     8. Seed is endospermous.  

Q20. The roots which penetrate the host tissues are called 

• Haustorial roots
• Floating roots
• Assimilatory roots
• Epiphytic roots

Solution

The roots of parasitic plants which penetrate the host tissues to absorb nourishment are called haustorial roots.  

Q21. Find the odd one out. 

• Tribulus
• Tridax
• Bassela
• Evolvulus

Solution

Tridax is a decumbent trailer which branches after growing horizontally for some length and then grows vertically upwards. 

Q22. Some roots resemble the shape of pillars. In which plants do we observe these roots? 

• Maize
• Sugarcane
• Pandanus
• Banyan

Solution

In Banyan, the roots grow vertically downward, penetrate the soil, become thick and assume the shape of pillars. 

Q23. Hypanthodium is 

• Thalamus
• Fruit
• Inflorescence
• Ovary

Solution

Hypanthodium is a type of inflorescence in which the axis becomes fleshy and pear-shaped with a hollow cavity inside. Example: Ficus 

Q24. If the position of the ovary is below the sepals, petals, stamens, the flower is called  

• Epigynous  
• Perigynous  
• Misogynous  
• Metagynous  

Solution

In an epigynous type of flower, the ovary is fused and enclosed within the thalamus and the other parts rise above the ovary.              

Q25. A flower which can be divided into equal vertical halves by more than one plane of division is

• Actinomorphic
• Zygomorphic
• Heteromorphic
• Cyclic

Solution

Floral symmetry is the shape, size and arrangement of floral appendages around the axis of a flower. On the basis of floral symmetry, three conditions are seen in flowers: 1. Actinomorphic: Flowers are with radial symmetry. A flower can be divided into two equal radial halves in any radial plane passing through its centre. Example: Datura 2. Zygomorphic: These flowers can be divided into halves only in one plane. Example: Pea 3. Asymmetric: Flowers are cannot be divided into equal halves in any vertical plane. Example: Canna

Q26. Select the incorrect statement regarding a fusiform root. 

• It is spindle shaped.
• Secondary roots arise from the thin apical part of the tap root.
• The middle portion of the root is thick which gradually tapers towards the apex.
• Thin secondary roots arise from the apical portion.

Solution

Secondary roots arise from the thin apical part of the tap root. This is a characteristic of a napiform root. 

Q27. The fruit of groundnut is 

• Legume
• Caryopsis
• Berry
• Nut

Solution

The legume or pod develops from a monocarpellary gynoecium. It is a dry dehiscent fruit which occurs in Leguminosae plants such as pea, gram, bean and groundnut. 

Q28. Find the correct match:  

• Mustard plant - Leaves opposite  
• Mustard plant - Leaves alternate  
• Guava plant - Leaves alternate  
• Guava plant - Leaves whorled  

Solution

Leaves of mustard plant are alternate, pinnately compound or simple.  

Q29. A fibrous root system is excellent for Food storage Nitrogen fixation Absorbing water from deeper layers of soil Providing good anchorage for the plant

• (i) and (iv) are correct.
• (iv) and (ii) are correct.
• (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct.
• (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct.

Solution

The main functions of fibrous roots are (i) Absorption of water and minerals from the soil (ii) Providing a proper anchorage to plant parts (iii) Storing reserve food material (iv) Synthesis of plant growth regulators

Q30. The fibrous root system is mostly found in

• Dicot plants
• Monocot plants
• Pteridophytes
• Bryophytes

Solution

In monocots, the primary root is short lived. It is replaced by a large number of roots which originate from the base of the stem. These roots constitute the fibrous root system.

Q31. The edible part of mango is

• Receptacle
• Epicarp
• Mesocarp
• Endocarp

Solution

The mesocarp in mango is the middle fleshy edible part.

Q32. Find the odd one out.  

• Turnip
• Radish
• Beet
• None of the above

Solution

Radish is an example of a fusiform root, whereas the rest are examples of a napiform root. 

Q33. A scar on the seed coat through which the developing seed is attached to the fruit is  

• Epicotyl  
• Hilum  
• Hypocotyl  
• Coleorhiza  

Solution

The seed coat is the outer protective covering of the seed. The hilum is the scar on the seed coat through which seeds are attached to the fruit.  

Q34. A horizontal underground stem is a

• Corm
• Phylloclade
• Rhizome
• Rhizoid

Solution

Rhizomes are also called root stalks. They are the underground growth of plants from which the parts which grow above the ground develop. A rhizome usually grows perpendicular to the direction of the force of gravity, i.e. they grow horizontal.

Q35. Corm is a modification of

• Root
• Leaf
• Stem
• Bud

Solution

A corm is a modified underground stem which acts as a food reserve.

Q36. In monocotyledonous seeds, the endosperm is separated from the embryo by a distinct layer known as  

• Testa  
• Aleurone layer  
• Tegmen  
• Scutellum  
• Coleoptile  

Solution

The aleurone layer is the outer covering of the endosperm. It is proteinous in nature.  

Q37. Vivipary is characteristic of 

• Mesophytes
• Xerophytes
• Hygrophytes
• Halophytes

Solution

Vivipary is a special type of seed germination which occurs in halophytes in which seeds germinate inside the fruit when it is still attached to the parent plant. 

Q38. Ginger is an underground stem. It is distinguished from the root because

• It lacks chlorophyll.
• It stores food.
• It has nodes and internodes.
• It has xylem and vessels.

Solution

A root does not have nodes and internodes, while a stem is characterised by nodes and internodes. A node is a region on the stem from which leaves develop, while an internode is the region between two nodes. Because ginger shows the presence of node and internode, it is a modified underground stem.

Q39. The fruit of Mangifera indica is 

• Berry
• Drupe
• Capsule
• Siliqua

Solution

Drupe in mango is the fruit which is one-seeded, simple, fleshy and develops from a multicarpellary gynoecium.  

Q40. A family delimited by the type of inflorescence is  

• Fabaceae
• Asteraceae
• Solanaceae
• Liliaceae

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